Nylon fibers are often dyed with acidic dyes, and the leveling agents for acidic dyes mainly include anionic, cationic, and nonionic types. Anionic leveling agents have a certain affinity for fibers in acidic media and compete with dye anions for dyeing. Their affinity is lower than that of dye anions, but their dispersion rate is faster.

At the beginning of dyeing, the anionic leveling agent competes with the dye for the dye seat. Due to their fast dispersion rate, they dye the fiber before the dye anion and combine with a NH on the fiber. Then, they are gradually replaced by the dye anion with high affinity for the fiber, which reduces the initial dyeing rate of the dye and achieves the leveling effect. Cationic and non-ionic leveling agents achieve leveling effect by binding with dye anions, reducing the effective concentration of dye anions, and gradually releasing dye anions during the dyeing process.

In addition, factors such as dyeing time, dye compatibility, dye concentration, bath ratio, and dye circulation rate can also affect the uniformity of nylon dyeing.

Article source: Nylon colored yarn

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